12月5日～12月11日 双语新闻 Jeff每日英语

○新十条级钟南山院士解读

○神舟十四号载人飞船返回舱成功着陆

○COP15第二阶段会议将调整至加拿大举行

○北京各类公共场所不再查验核

○年内全国累计办理出口退免税逾1.6万亿

【新十条】

China further adjusted and optimized its COVID response by releasing 10 new measures, including allowing asymptomatic carriers and mild COVID-19 patients and those who meet certain requirements to quarantine at home.

asymptomatic [ˌeɪsɪmptəˈmætɪk] adj.无症状的

mild [maɪld] adj.轻微的；温和的;和善的

quarantine [ˈkwɔːrəntiːn] n.(为防传染的)隔离期;检疫vt.(对动物或人)进行检疫，隔离

optimized [ˈɑːptɪmaɪzd] v.使最优化;充分利用optimize的过去分词和过去式

Other major measures include reducing the frequency of nucleic acid testing, scrapping negative nucleic acid result and health code requirements for entering public places except for designated locations such as nursing homes, medical institutions and schools, as well as lifting COVID testing and health code requirements for domestic cross-regional travelers.

scrapping [ˈskræpɪŋ] v.废弃;取消;抛弃;报废;打架scrap的现在分词

scrapping negative nucleic acid result 取消核酸阴性证明

negative [ˈneɡətɪv] adj.阴性的；消极的;负面的;否定的

nucleic acid test 核酸检测(NAT)

nucleic [nukliɪk] 核的

acid [ˈæsɪd] 酸

designated [ˈdezɪɡneɪtɪd] adj.指定的，派定的v.命名;指定;选定，指派designate的过去分词和过去式

感染者要科学分类收治，具备居家隔离条件的无症状感染者和轻型病例一般采取居家隔离，也可自愿选择集中隔离收治。

The new measures detail that infected individuals with mild or no symptoms who meet requirement will be allowed to quarantine at home, while they still are able to choose collective quarantine.

symptoms [ˈsɪmptəmz] n.症状;征候;征兆symptom的复数

collective quarantine 集中隔离

居家隔离期间加强健康监测。具备居家隔离条件的密切接触者采取5天居家隔离，也可自愿选择集中隔离，第5天核酸检测阴性后解除隔离。

While subject to home quarantine, health monitoring should be strengthened, the new plan noted. Close contacts who meet requirements can also opt for five-day home quarantine or choose collective quarantine.

health monitoring 健康检测

close contacts 密接

opt [ɑːpt] vi.选择;挑选

不按行政区域开展全员核酸检测，进一步缩小核酸检测范围、减少频次。根据防疫工作需要，可开展抗原检测。

The new measures also optimize nucleic testing, scrapping mass testing regimes and further downsizing the scale of groups to be tested. Nucleic acid testing will not be carried out according to administrative regions and the scope as well as the frequency of the nucleic testing will be further reduced under the new measures. Antigen tests can be carried out in accordance to the needs of epidemic prevention work.

scrapping [ˈskræpɪŋ] v.废弃;取消;抛弃;报废;打架scrap的现在分词

downsizing the scale 缩小规模

antigen [ˈæntɪdʒən] 抗原

in accordance to依照， 根据， 与…一致

除养老院、福利院、医疗机构、托幼机构、中小学等特殊场所外，不要求提供核酸检测阴性证明，不查验健康码。重要机关、大型企业及一些特定场所可由属地自行确定防控措施。不再对跨地区流动人员查验核酸检测阴性证明和健康码，不再开展落地检。

Outside of designated locations which include nursing homes, welfare homes, medical institutions, childcare facilities, and primary and secondary schools, negative nucleic acid test results will no longer be required, and health codes will not be checked.

The nucleic acid test results and health codes will no longer be checked for domestic cross-regional travel. Similar checks for travelers upon arrival are also revoked.

nucleic acid test results核酸检测证明

health codes 健康码

revoked [rɪˈvoʊkt] v.取消;废除;使无效revoke的过去分词和过去式

The new measures underlined the need to accelerate vaccination rates especially for those aged between 60 to 79 years old, and those 80 or above, noting that special arrangements should be put in place. Vaccination sites should be established to assist seniors.

accelerate [əkˈseləreɪt] v.加快;加速

accelerate vaccination rates 加快疫苗接种率

保障社会正常运转和基本医疗服务。非高风险区不得限制人员流动，不得停工、停产、停业。

To ensure the normal functioning of everyday life and medical services, non-high-risk areas shall not restrict the flow of people and shall not suspend work, production or business activity, according to the new measures.

non-high-risk areas非高风险地区

suspend [səˈspend] vt.暂停;中止;悬;挂;吊

加强重点人群健康情况摸底及分类管理。发挥基层医疗卫生机构“网底”和家庭医生健康“守门人”的作用，摸清辖区内患有心脑血管疾病、慢阻肺、糖尿病、慢性肾病、肿瘤、免疫功能缺陷等疾病的老年人及其新冠病毒疫苗接种情况，推进实施分级分类管理。

Authorities also called for the strengthening of classification and management of the health status for key population, adding that local health workers and family doctors should act as "gatekeepers" in this respect. Communities should monitor the situation of elderly residents who have underlying disease such as cerebrovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, or tumors as part of classified management.

classification [ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n.分类;归类;分级

status [ˈsteɪtəs] n.状态;地位;身份

health status健康状态

cerebrovascular [ˌserəbroʊˈvæskjələr] adj. 脑血管的

cerebrovascular diseases 脑血管疾病

chronic [ˈkrɑːnɪk] adj.慢性的;长期的

obstructive [əbˈstrʌktɪv] adj.梗阻的;阻塞的;栓塞的

pulmonary [ˈpʌlməneri] adj.肺的;肺部的

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺

diabetes [ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz] n.糖尿病

tumors [ˈtumərz] 肿瘤

各地各校要坚决落实科学精准防控要求，没有疫情的学校要开展正常的线下教学活动，校园内超市、食堂、体育场馆、图书馆等要正常开放。有疫情的学校要精准划定风险区域，风险区域外仍要保证正常的教学、生活等秩序。

Schools are required to resolutely implement scientific and precise prevention and control requirements. Campuses without infections must carry out normal offline teaching activities, while supermarkets, canteens, stadiums, and libraries on campus must operate as normal.

resolutely [ˈrɛsəˌlutli] adv.坚定地

implement scientific and precise prevention and control requirements落实科学精准防控要求

canteens [kænˈtinz] n.食堂;餐厅

12月9日，钟南山院士团队在广州接受媒体专访，作出一系列重磅解读。

钟南山回应新冠后遗症：“医学上对于后遗症有严格的定义，指的是疾病造成的损害终身存在。一些新冠产生的症状会慢慢消失，我们不叫它后遗症。我目前还没看到特别明显的对器官引起长期功能不全的案例。

奥密克戎（BA.4/5,BF7）感染不可怕，99%可在7-10天内完全恢复，重点应放在防控重症上。

Omicron is not scary, as about 99 percent of those infected with Omicron can fully recover within seven to 10 days, and the focus should be put on preventing severe illness caused by the virus.

There is a strict medical definition of sequelae, which means that the damage caused by the disease lasts for a lifetime. The syndromes such as depression, anxiety and insomnia will gradually disappear after recovery. We dont call these syndromes sequelae.

sequelae[sɪˈkwili] n. 后遗症；并发症（sequela 的复数）

lifetime [ˈlaɪftaɪm] n.一生;终身,寿命

syndromes [ˈsɪnˌdroʊmz] n.综合征;综合症状syndrome的复数

depression [dɪˈpreʃn] n.抑郁症;精神忧郁;抑郁;沮丧

insomnia [ɪnˈsɑːmniə] n.失眠症;失眠

【李兰娟院士：无症状感染不是疾病，无症状感染者不是病人，无需恐慌】

There is no need to panic over Omicron. Asymptomatic infection is not a disease, and a silent carrier is not a patient.

预计广州第一波感染峰值可能会在明年1月中上旬到2月中期到来，3月份中上旬进入平稳阶段，乐观估计在明年上半年可恢复到疫情前的生活状态。

The first wave of COVID-19 infections in Guangzhou, South Chinas Guangdong Province, is likely to peak between mid-early January and mid-February in 2023, and t local society will return to pre-epidemic conditions in the first half of 2023.

【美国病毒“三剑客” Three viral musketeers】

As holiday season draws closer, a significant rise of social gatherings and travel has raised peoples concerns of a new pandemic surge. The total number of COVID-19 infections in the U.S. currently stands at around 100 million. But beware. What happens if the coronavirus makes a comeback for the holidays, and even brings two of its pals — influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) — to the party?

当下美国正面临“三重疫情”的威胁：新冠肺炎感染人数接近一亿，流感、呼吸道合胞病毒感染数量同时激增。随着西方节日季的来临，室内聚会和旅行大幅增加，这引发人们对新一波疫情爆发的担忧。

draw closer 临近

pandemic [pænˈdemɪk] n.(全国/球性)流行病，瘟疫

surge [sɜːrdʒ] v.n. 激增，猛增

stand at 达到

coronavirus [kəˈroʊnəvaɪrəs] n.冠状病毒

comeback n. 恢复，复出；再度流行

pal n.朋友，伙伴

influenza [ˌɪnfluˈenzə] n.流行性感冒（简写flu）

respiratory syncytial virus 呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV)

respiratory [ˈrespərətɔːri] adj.呼吸的

syncytial [sɪnˈsɪtɪəl] a.合胞体的，多核体的

【年内全国累计办理出口退免税逾1.6万亿】

Chinas tax department continued to accelerate the export tax refund this year, offering powerful support for the steady growth of foreign trade, Securities Times reported. From the beginning of this year to Nov 10, the total tax refund, as well as tax exemption, reached 1.64 trillion yuan ($227.84 billion), up 14.9 percent year-on-year.

据《证券时报》报道，今年，税务部门持续加快出口退税进度，服务外贸稳增长。今年1月1日至11月10日，全国累计办理出口退（免）税1.64万亿元，同比增长14.9%。

refund [ˈriːfʌnd] n.退款;返还款;偿还金额vt.退还;退(款);偿付

tax refund退税

exemption [ɪɡˈzempʃn] n.免除;豁免;(指部分收入)免税

tax exemption 免税

securities[sɪˈkjʊrətiz] 证券投资;股票证券;证券

The State Taxation of Administration said it has released a series of new policies to improve the tax refund efficiency, further relieving enterprises pressure. For example, companies can apply for the export tax refund online, with 430,000 paper documents streamlined for 49,000 companies, as of Nov 10.

国家税务总局表示，已发布一系列新政策，提高退税效率，进一步缓解企业压力。例如，政策实施以来至11月10日，累计为4.9万户次企业减少报送纸质资料43万份。

State Taxation of Administration 国家税务局

enterprises [ˈɛntərˌpraɪzɪz] n.公司;企业单位;事业单位enterprise的复数

relieve enterprises pressure 缓解企业压力

The average tax refund time has been reduced to six working days this year, and for some credit-worthy enterprises, that time has been further cut to three working days. Cai Zili, chief auditor of STA, said tax losses of 33.43 billion yuan have been retrieved since the beginning of this year.

今年，出口退税平均时间已缩短至六个工作日，对信用好的企业，退税时间进一步缩短至三个工作日。国家税务总局总审计师蔡自力表示，今年已累计挽回税款损失334.33亿元。

auditor[ˈɔːdɪtər] n.审核员;审计员

retrieved [rɪˈtriːvd] v.取回;索回;挽回retrieve的过去分词和过去式

【神舟十四号载人飞船返回舱成功着陆Chinas Shenzhou-14 astronauts return safely, accomplishing many "firsts"】

12月4日20时09分，神舟十四号载人飞船返回舱在东风着陆场成功着陆，现场医监医保人员确认航天员陈冬、刘洋、蔡旭哲身体状态良好，神舟十四号载人飞行任务取得圆满成功。

Shenzhou-14s return capsule, carrying astronauts Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe, touched down at the Dongfeng landing site in north Chinas Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region at 8:09 p.m. Beijing Time on Sunday, according to the China Manned Space Agency.

据中国载人航天工程办公室介绍，12月4日20时09分，神舟十四号载人飞船返回舱在位于内蒙古自治区的东风着陆场成功着陆。

return capsule 返回舱

touched down 降落；着陆

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 内蒙古自治区

Autonomous [ɔːˈtɑːnəməs] a.自治的；有自治权的

Mongolia [mɑːŋˈɡoʊliə] 蒙古

China Manned Space Agency (CMSA)中国载人航天工程办公室

The astronauts were all in good physical condition, and the Shenzhou-14 manned mission was a complete success, the agency announced.

航天员陈冬、刘洋、蔡旭哲身体状态良好，神舟十四号载人飞行任务取得圆满成功。

The return capsule separated from Shenzhou-14s orbiting capsule at 7:20 p.m. on Sunday under the command of the Beijing Aerospace Control Center.

12月4日19时20分，北京航天飞行控制中心通过地面测控站发出返回指令，神舟十四号载人飞船轨道舱与返回舱成功分离。

separated[ˈsepəreɪtɪd] v.(使)分开，分离;分割separate的过去分词和过去式adj.(和某人)分居的

aerospace [ˈeroʊspeɪs] n.航空航天(工业);航空航天技术adj.航空与航天的

Soon after the return capsule landed, the ground search team arrived at the landing site. Medical personnel confirmed that the astronauts were in good health.

返回舱成功着陆后，担负搜救回收任务的搜救分队抵达着陆现场。医监医保人员确认航天员身体健康。

personnel [ˌpɜːrsəˈnel] n.(公司、组织或军队中的)全体人员

The three astronauts went to the space station on June 5. They completed multiple tasks during their mission, including overseeing five rendezvous-and-dockings, performing three extravehicular activities, giving a live science lecture, and conducting several sci-tech experiments.

神舟十四号载人飞船于2022年6月5日发射升空。3名航天员在轨驻留期间完成了多项任务，包括见证了5次交会对接、进行3次出舱活动，进行了1次“天宫课堂”太空授课，开展一系列空间科学实验与技术试验。

rendezvous-and-dockings 交会对接

rendezvous [ˈrɑːndɪvuː] vi.会合;(在约定的时间和地点)会面，相会n.约会

docking [ˈdɑːkɪŋ] n.（航天器在轨道上的）对接 v.(使宇宙飞船在外层空间)对接;(使船)进港，停靠码头dock的现在分词

extravehicular[ˌekstrəviˈhɪkjələr] adj. 太空船外的；在宇宙飞船外部活动的;舱外的

extravehicular activities 舱外活动

The Shenzhou-14 astronauts helped accomplish many "firsts" in Chinas space history, including the first rendezvous and docking between two 20-tonne-level spacecraft and the first in-orbit transposition of a space station module.

3名航天员创造了中国载人航天史上多个“首次”，包括我国两个20吨级航天器首次在轨实现交会对接，和首次实现空间站舱段转位。

in-orbit 在轨的

transposition [ˌtrænspəˈzɪʃ(ə)n] n. 换位，调换，换置

They are the first crew to enter the space stations two lab modules, and they set a record of making three spacewalks on a single flight mission.

航天员乘组首次进入问天、梦天实验舱，并创造了一次飞行任务3次出舱的纪录。

set a record of 创造... ...的纪录

They also helped realize the worlds fastest automated rendezvous and docking of the cargo craft Tianzhou-5 with the space station in about two hours.

天舟五号货运飞船入轨后成功对接于空间站天和核心舱后向端口。此次任务中，首次实现了2小时自主快速交会对接，创造了世界纪录。

automated [ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd] adj.自动化的v.(使)自动化automate的过去分词和过去式

automated rendezvous 自主对接

The trio conducted an in-orbit rotation with the Shenzhou-15 crew, a historic gathering that added the workforce at the in-orbit space station to six for the first time.

神舟十四号、神舟十五号乘组进行了工作交接，这是中国航天员乘组完成的首次在轨交接。这也首次将在轨空间站的乘组人员增加到六人。

trio [ˈtriːoʊ] n. 三人一组；三重唱；三件一套

rotation [roʊˈteɪʃn] n.轮班，换班;旋转;转动

【相关词汇】

天舟五号货运飞船 cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-5

载人宇宙飞船 manned spaceship

梦天实验舱 Mengtian space lab module

天宫空间站 Tiangong space station

【北京各类公共场所不再查验核Beijing removes COVID testing requirements for shopping malls, supermarkets, office buildings】

2022年12月6日起，北京市核酸检测查验实行以下措施：

一、进入商超、商务楼宇及各类公共场所，可不查验核酸检测阴性证明，扫码进入即可。

二、进入社区（村），不查验核酸检测阴性证明，常住居民可不扫码。

三、进入网吧、酒吧、棋牌室、KTV、剧本杀、桑拿洗浴等密闭场所以及餐饮（堂食）、室内健身等场所，须扫码并查验48小时核酸检测阴性证明。

四、进入养老机构、儿童福利机构、幼儿园和中小学及医疗机构住院部等场所，须扫码并查验48小时核酸检测阴性证明。

The citys epidemic prevention and control work group released the latest policies on the official WeChat account as part of a series of optimized and adjusted measures.

optimized [ˈɑːptɪmaɪzd] v.使最优化;充分利用optimize的过去分词和过去式

According to the measures, residents can enter public facilities by scanning the health code.

Besides, negative nucleic acid test results will not be required when entering residential compounds.

negative [ˈneɡətɪv] adj.阴性的；消极的;负面的;否定的

nucleic acid test 核酸检测(NAT)

nucleic [nukliɪk] 核的

acid [ˈæsɪd] 酸

asymptomatic [ˌeɪsɪmptəˈmætɪk] adj.无症状的

optimized [ˈɑːptɪmaɪzd] v.使最优化;充分利用optimize的过去分词和过去式

Meanwhile, negative nucleic acid testing results are not required for entering the terminals of Beijing Capital International Airport since Tuesday as long as registering with health codes and with normal temperature, according to The Beijing News.

terminals [ˈtɜrmənəlz] n.航空站;航空终点站;(火车、公共汽车或船的)终点站;终端terminal的复数

However, negative nucleic acid testing results within 48 hours are still needed when entering internet cafes, bars, chess rooms and other public facilities as well as catering venues and indoor gyms.

catering ˈkeɪtərɪŋ] n.(会议或社交活动的)饮食服务，酒席承办v.(为社交活动)提供饮食，承办酒席 cater的现在分词

catering venues 餐饮场所

Dine-in services are now available at some shopping malls in Beijing starting Tuesday, according to The Beijing News. Customers with negative nucleic acid test results obtained within 48 hours can enter by scanning their health code.

Dine-in 堂食

The Beijing Catering Trade Association released a notification through its official WeChat account addressing the resumption of dine-in services in an orderly manner. The notification reminded the public to remain on guard, and for catering service providers to continue to adhere to epidemic prevention measures.

notification [ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n.通知;通告;告示

resumption [rɪˈzʌmpʃn] n.重新开始;继续进行;恢复

adhere to 坚持;遵守

Negative nucleic acid testing results within 48 hours are also required for entering nursing homes, children welfare institutions, kindergartens and primary and middle schools as well as inpatient department of hospitals.

Chinese mainland reported 4,988 new locally transmitted COVID-19 cases, and 22,859 new local asymptomatic cases on Tuesday morning.

asymptomatic [ˌeɪsɪmptəˈmætɪk] adj.无症状的

Outside of Beijing, at least 48 cities across the country have allowed entrance to public venues without negative nucleic acid testing results except for nursing homes and hospitals.

In some cities such as Shenzhen in South Chinas Guangdong Province, nucleic acid testing results are no longer needed in most public facilities or public transportation.

Besides, East Chinas Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces have announced to cancel normalized nucleic acid testing.

normalizednɔːrməlaɪzd] v.(使)正常化，标准化，常规化normalize的过去分词和过去式

normalized nucleic acid testing常态化核酸检测

COP15第二阶段会议将调整至加拿大举行

The second phase of the United Nations negotiations on the worlds new biodiversity conservation goals through 2030, known as COP15, has been relocated from Kunming, Yunnan province, to the Canadian city of Montreal, between Dec 5 and 17, according to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

据生态环境部网站消息，联合国《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会第十五次会议（COP15）第二阶段会议将于2022年12月5-17日在加拿大蒙特利尔举行。

biodiversity [ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti] n.生物多样性

conservation [ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn] n.保护;防止流失(或浪费、损害、毁坏)

Ministry of Ecology and Environment 生态环境部

With the COVID-19 pandemic control situations at home and abroad fully considered, the arrangement was made to "accelerate the global biodiversity conservation process," it said.

为加快推进全球生物多样性进程，综合考虑国内外疫情防控形势做出了这一决定。

"China will continue to work as the presidency of COP15. " The theme of the gathering and its logo will remain unchanged.

中国将继续担任COP15主席国，COP15主题和会标等大会主要元素保持不变。

In 1993, the Convention on Biological Diversity came into effect, which set three objectives – the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, ushering in a new era for the protection of global biodiversity.

1993年，《生物多样性公约》正式生效，公约确立了保护生物多样性、可持续利用其组成部分以及公平合理分享由利用遗传资源而产生的惠益三大目标，全球生物多样性保护开启了新纪元。

came into effect生效

sustainable [səˈsteɪnəbl] adj.可持续的

utilization [ˌjuːtələˈzeɪʃn] n.利用;应用;效用

genetic [dʒəˈnetɪk] adj.遗传的;基因的;遗传学的

genetic resources遗传资源

ushering [ˈʌʃərɪŋ] v.引导;引领usher的现在分词

ushering in a new era for 开启… …新纪元

《生物多样性公约》是一项保护地球生物资源的国际性公约，由联合国环境和发展大会于1992年6月5日通过并开放给各国签字、批准和加入，目前共有196个缔约方。中国是批准加入该公约最早的国家之一（the first countries to become a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity）。

缔约方大会（the Conference of the Parties，COP）是《生物多样性公约》的最高议事和决策机制（the highest mechanism for discussing and making decisions），每两年召开一次。缔约方大会采取协商一致的原则，决议的通过需要经过所有缔约方的同意。

“联合国《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会”英文全称为 the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity，简称为COP15。

缔约方大会每10年要制定未来10年的生物多样性保护目标。2010年，COP10制定了2011至2020年全球生物多样性保护目标，即“爱知目标”（Aichi biodiversity targets）。

COP 15, the largest UN gathering on biodiversity in a decade, is tasked with elaborating on the post-2020 global biodiversity framework and identifying new protection goals through 2030.

第15次缔约方大会是十年来最大规模的联合国生物多样性大会，要审议“2020年后全球生物多样性框架”，制定2020年至2030年新的生物多样性保护目标。

elaborating [ɪˈlæbəreɪtɪŋ] v.详尽阐述;详细制订;精心制作elaborate的现在分词

biodiversity framework生物多样性框架

【相关词汇】

生物多样性保护 biodiversity conservation

尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的理念 the principles of respecting and protecting nature and obeying nature’s laws

联合国生物多样性公约UN Convention on Biological Diversity

全球生物多样性治理global biodiversity governance

【每天八杯水”科学吗？最新研究结果可能颠覆认知】

“A famous health tip says youd better drink eight glasses of water (about two liters) a day. However, the results of a new study suggest that less is needed.

liters [ˈlitərz] n.（计量）公升（容量单位）liter的复数

研究显示，每天8杯水的饮水建议可能超过大多数人真正的需水量。

An international group led by scientists at the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT) in China found that the average daily water intake of a man in his twenties should be 1.5 to 1.8 liters, while it should be 1.3 to 1.4 liters for a female in the same age group.

在该研究中，中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院医药所、深圳理工大学（筹）药学院科研团队联合近100个国际团队，对26个国家共计5604名受试者进行了研究，样本年龄覆盖8天大的婴儿到96岁的老人，推导出全球首个用于预测人体每天需水量的公式，首次揭示了人类全生命周期的需水量规律。

水是生命之源，人体每天的水周转量（Water Turnover）即水的总交换量，包括了我们摄入的水分和流失的水分，在很大程度上反映了人们的需水量。

研究发现，20至35岁男性每天的水周转量为4.2升，30～60岁女性每天的水周转量为3.3升，此后随着年龄的增长而下降，到了90多岁，都下降到2.5升左右。

The researchers investigated 5,604 participants from the ages of 8 days to 96 years and from more than 20 countries, using isotope-tracking methods. They have found that a man aged 20 to 35 consumes 4.2 liters of water each day, while a woman aged 30 to 60 consumes 3.3 liters, with the water requirements dropping as he or she ages.

isotope美 [ˈaɪsətoʊp] n.同位素

isotope-tracking 同位素追踪

值得注意的是，水的周转量并不等于饮用水的需水量，例如，一名20多岁的男性每天水周转量为4.2升，但并不需要饮用4.2升水，因为人体代谢和体表水交换可提供其中的15%，其余85%的需水量来自食物和饮水，食物和饮水各半，因此该年龄段男性每日平均饮水量为1.5至1.8升。

Since the metabolism and water exchange on skin can provide 15 percent, while food and drinking contribute half each of the remaining 85 percent, people are thus suggested to drink less than 45 percent of the total daily turnover, according to the researchers.

metabolism [məˈtæbəlɪzəm] n.新陈代谢

相比之下，女性饮水量要小，因为女性的非脂肪成分低于男性，例如一位20多岁的女性，每日的饮水量可能为1.3至1.4升。

论文共同第一作者张雪映表示，研究结果表明，每天喝8杯水（约2升）对大多数人来说可能太多了。

"The majority of people perhaps dont have to drink 8 glasses of water a day," said Zhang Xueying, co-first author of the paper and an assistant research fellow at the SIAT.

研究还发现，水周转率的个体差异较大，例如仅在成年人中，有些人每天的水周转率仅为身体水分的5%，而另一些人的水周转率则高达20%。不同年龄段、性别、国家的人的需水量是不同的。因此，一刀切的健康建议并不适合对个体进行精准化健康指导。

The total water input and output varies according to multiple factors, including body size, physical activity, air temperature, humidity, and altitude, according to the study.

另据分析发现，生活在炎热潮湿的环境和高海拔地区的人群，以及运动员、孕妇和哺乳期妇女和高体力运动水平的人群中，水的周转率更高。此外，在发展中国家和从事重体力劳动的人群中，也观察到较高的水周转率；日常体育活动也会增加水周转率。

【工信部公示节能技术装备推荐目录China releases catalogue promoting energy-saving technology application】

为加快节能技术装备推广应用，提高工业和信息化领域能源利用效率，工业和信息化部近日印发《国家工业和信息化领域节能技术装备推荐目录（2022年版）》。

China has introduced a catalogue of recommended energy-saving technologies and equipment to help enterprises improve energy efficiency and reduce costs.

为帮助企业提高能效，降低成本，近日，工业和信息化部印发《国家工业和信息化领域节能技术装备推荐目录（2022年版）》。

The catalogue, released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, lists energy-saving technologies in the industrial and information fields, such as iron and steel, non-ferrous metal, data centers and telecommunications, among others.

该目录列出了工业和信息化领域的节能技术，如钢铁、有色金属、数据中心和电信等领域。

It has also recommended eight categories of energy-efficient equipment, including the likes of electromotors, transformers, industrial boilers and compressors.

目录还推荐了八类节能设备，包括电动机、变压器、工业锅炉和压缩机等。

The catalogue is expected to accelerate the adoption of energy-saving technologies among enterprises, and encourage them to save energy while reducing carbon emissions, according to the ministry.

工信部表示，该目录有望加快企业采用节能技术，鼓励企业在减少碳排放的同时节约能源。

【相关词汇】

节能减排 energy conservation and emission reduction

气候适应型社会 climate-resilient society

海上风电场 offshore wind farm

电力装备绿色低碳发展 green and low-carbon development of electrical equipment

绿色转型 green transition

绿色、低碳、可持续发展道路 a path of green, low-carbon and sustainable development